ISRO's Successful CE20 Cryogenic Engine Test

Why in news?

On November 29, 2024, ISRO successfully tested the CE20 cryogenic engine at ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. This engine is a crucial component in the upper stage of the LVM3 launch vehicle.

1. Engine Features:

• Thrust Level: The CE20 engine currently generates a thrust of 19 tonnes, with plans to enhance it to 22 tonnes for future missions.
• Propellants: The engine uses liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) as propellants. LOX is stored at below -183°C, and LH2 remains liquid below -253°C.
• Performance: The test demonstrated the engine’s restart-enabling systems and the performance of a multi-element igniter that aids in efficient ignition.

1. Challenges and Innovations:

• The test faced challenges such as flow separation and nozzle vibrations. ISRO addressed these with an innovative Nozzle Protection System to ensure smoother operation during launches.

1. Significance:

• The CE20 engine is pivotal for missions like Chandrayaan-3 and future human spaceflight missions like Gaganyaan.
• India becomes one of only six countries globally (along with the US, Russia, China, Japan, and France) to develop indigenous cryogenic engines. This boosts India's space capabilities and reduces dependence on foreign technology.

1. Future Prospects:

• The engine's thrust level will be upgraded to 22 tonnes for the future C32 stage and to support upcoming space missions.

Strategic Importance:

• The cryogenic engine enables higher payload capacity for rockets like the LVM3 launch vehicle, which is crucial for launching heavy payloads into orbit. This advancement reinforces India’s position as a space power with growing self-reliance in cryogenic propulsion technology.